about (pertaining to; on the topic of) pota
above, over
mamosami
across (at / to the other side of) lo
after
(later than; in the future of) ti
around, encircling, surrounding
'i
at (in the same location as) vinova
because of, due to
pa
before, in front of, ahead of (spatially) vati
before,
prior to, earlier than vi
behind, in back of, to the rear of
ka'iyomo
between, among, amidst, inter- vitakivo
beyond,
farther than, exceeding nisativo
by means of, via, per, with (using;
through instrumentality of) 'iko
during to
except for,
besides, apart from, other than, excluding ni
for (to benefit;
destined for; for the purpose of) 'inalo
for (in exchange for)
kini
from, out of, away from siso
in (located inside of)
va'itiyi
instead of, rather than niyani
like, similar to
yasapa
near, close to voyoyopi
of (owned by; belonging to;
associated with; = genitive) loya
of (containing the measured
quantity: "two liters of water") tomapo
on (resting on; touching the
top or other surface of) si
outside of, exterior to vo'iya
than, compared to solavavo
through tavosoto
to,
towards, at (moving toward) vapako
under, below, beneath 'isa
with (accompanied by) kitosoko
without, with no ..., lacking
tikisala
be (intransitive predicative copula) kisi
exist
yipa
become (begin to be; acquire the quality...) sivi
cause (induce something to be/happen) natovo
make, render
(impart quality X to Y; e.g. "I make you happy") vita
do, perform,
engage in (specified activity) yamimo
have (possess / be furnished
with) va
can (is/are able to ...) 'atiyoyo
should, ought
to (is/are expected/advised to ...) pivi
this (demonstrative) mika
that (demonstrative) na'isoka
and, plus savi
but,
however koniyo
if (on condition that...; supposing that...)
sapikoti
or popapa
that (e.g. "I know that you are right")
na
also, additionally, too sovo
apart, separately 'i
here (in/to this place) lo
how? (in what manner?) la
maybe, perhaps, possibly li
not 'oyi
only, solely,
exclusively yonaso
there (at/to that place) to
together
vi
when? (at what time?) litiliki
where? (at/to what
place?) lovoto
why? (for what reason?) lomi
any (no
particular one of) mi
every, each simomopa
person, human
being kokipapo
baby, infant 'i
child vi
boy
popo'a
girl navalisa
man (adult male person) to
woman (adult female person) sonova
family yaso
father valayo
mother yiyalimo
marriage (spousal
relationship) 'amati
husband livo
wife pipipo
son vaka
daughter sa
brother vo
sister
'ino
chief, leader vipovati
king limisa
queen
popa
president konavi
prime minister vaminopa
dictator, tyrant 'i
master, lord 'inisa
slave
pi
soldier 'ovo
ambassador sipa'i'o
member (of
group/organization) pita
friend pi
enemy yova
Mister, Mr. ta
Ms., Miss/Mrs. 'a
Miss vikano
Mrs. koko
club, society (voluntary association re: a common
interest) pa'opo
committee (group appointed to do a task) paso'i
community (individuals sharing space / culture) mina
culture
(the customs and beliefs of a people) manaya
individual (one
considered separately from one's species) valoyoko
people (a people),
folk, the members of an ethnic group / nation mimata
public,
populace, the people (as in People's Republic) loti
race (group of
people with similar characteristics) vino'i
team, crew, squad ni
abdomen samisino
anus liyi
arm (shoulder to hand)
ti
back (dorsal area) sapo
beard 'avita
blood
motosi
body 'oyo
bone na
brain pi
breast, mammary konimana
buttock piposi
cheek
(side of face below eye) pi
chest (upper front of torso) 'iyiyo
chin 'imisi
ear volo
egg malosa
eye
si
face vapino
feather vova
feces, dung,
excrement nitovo
fetus (foetus), embryo nonino
finger
yotivali
fist 'oyiko
foot (on which something stands)
lopinalo
forehead lonili
gene va
hair (a strand
of fibrous material growing from the body) va
hair (the hairs atop
one's head thought of as a collective entity) li
hand soni
head to
heart (coronary muscle) 'iso
heel 'i
hip pomo
horn (bone-like growth from animal's head) vi
intestines, gut(s), viscera topavi
iris (of eye) kava
kidney si
knee sokopa
leg nami'ipo
lip
yotano
liver sosiko
lung pipivoni
meat, flesh
lipi
mouth yoyavo'a
muscle pa
nail (fingernail)
po
navel toni
neck vayini
nerve yo'a
nose vo
organ (of body) yi
palm (of hand)
tapiya
penis mavasato
shell pina
shoulder
yo'ikota
skeleton va'oka
skin ko
spine,
backbone naso
stomach yo
sweat, perspiration tiki
tail mi
tear(drop(s)) pi
testicle 'isinoso
throat vo
thumb mo
toe la
tongue
(body-part) sakili
tooth lalomi
urine la
vagina
sa
vein, blood vessel yosa
waist ta
wing (of
bird etc.) kimo
wound lilama'a
wrist vokavito
berry (small pulpy fruit) yipa'oni
bud (of flower/leaf)
lokima
flower tini
fruit loyosilo
leaf vo
nut (hard-shelled fruit/seed with separable shell and kernel) 'o
pod (seed pod) vavo
root (of a plant) niya
seed
tolisa
sprout (young shoot of plant) polipi
alive
movosayi
dead pa
birth 'ipati
mature, adult
kilosoma
healthy si'iko
disease, illness, sickness 'a
fat, obese, plump na
sex, gender yanayovo
female
koma'a
male vo
neuter (neither male nor female) 'isa
sense (ability to perceive a given kind of stimuli) vivo'oka
pain silimi
pleasure vo'alo
tired, weary kasato
refreshed, zesty, perky pa
sleep tato
awake
mayanamo
fever lomi
bite 'ola
breathe
nayisaya
catch (stop the motion of and seize in the hands) voki
climb 'oko
copulate, have sex (with) so
crawl
mavila
cry out, shout, yell poko'o
cry, weep tima
dance 'oyayiko
die matopo
drink lasivo
drown (die/kill via immersion) kolomo
eat 'i
feel
(perceive with the tactile sense) lila'i
gesture miko
hold, grasp nasa
hunt, pursue (with intent to capture and/or
devour) yi
jump, leap latono
kick toni
kill
lavo
kiss lola
laugh pipipa
lie (recline
horizontally) vavoyo
live (be alive) patonono
run
konatisa
shave lasoyo
sit (be in a sitting position) 'o
smile voyo
sneeze komona
spit sa
squat
ko'onolo
stand kikima
swallow yikapiva
swim
niyali'i
taste (perceive the flavor of) nasopilo
throw,
toss nipino
touch kako
vomit mokala
walk
komakiko
wrestle ti'imo
animal (non-vegetable creature)
'avakasa
ant (insect of family Formicidae) 'iviti
bear
(animal of Ursidae family) lisina
bee (member of genus Apis)
ponosiki
bird (egg-laying feathered animal with wings) va
butterfly tati
cat (Felis catus) vasa
chicken
kavosava
cockroach (insect of order Blattaria) nolosiyo
cow/bull, cattle (bovine animal of either sex) 'aki'i
deer
(animal of family Cervidae) tiya
dog (Canis familiaris) papatiya
donkey, ass (Equus asinus) lano
dragon (winged serpent with
crested head and large claws) poyava
fish yavo
fly (small
winged insect) sonika'i
fox (member of genus Vulpes) pokiva
frog (web-footed tailless leaping amphibian) kita
goat
(animal of genus Capra) 'avimoto
grasshopper kilita
horse
(Equus caballus) ti'a
insect poyi'a
lion (Felis leo) la
lizard ta
lobster saliso
mammal yoti
mantis (insect of order Manteodea) nivosi
monkey, small
primate kitavo
mosquito nikipoyo
mouse si
pig,
swine (omnivorous mammal of family Suidae) 'aposi
rabbit (animal of
family Leporidae) ma
reptile yiyosana
sheep (Ovis aries)
vikayina
snake, serpent (reptile of suborder Serpentes or Ophidia)
pisa
spider, arachnid na
squirrel (rodent of family
Sciuridae) latasapi
tiger (Felis tigris) mapona
turkey
(Meleagris gallopavo) sapiyi
turtle (reptile of order Testudinata)
pa'isivi
virus natoya
whale (large marine mammal of order
Cetacea) potato
wolf (Canis lupus) ta'ayono
worm poya
apple (tree/fruit of genus Malus) yoyosimi
bamboo (plant/stem
of genera Bambusa / Arundinaria / Dendrocalamus) masomo
banana
(plant/fruit of genus Musa) noliyali
bean (lima/snap/etc.: plant/seed
of genus Phaseolus or similar) nilavalo
cabbage (plant/leaves of sp.
Brassica oleracea capitata) 'ovopivi
carrot (plant/root of sp. Daucus
carota sativus) sopikiva
coffee (plant/seeds of sp. Coffea arabica)
sasayo
cork (tree/elastic tissue of sp. Quercus suber) 'o
corn, maize (plant/seeds of sp. Zea mays) vimilana
cotton
(plant/fibers of genus Gossypium) vo
cucumber (Cucumis sativus)
kami
date (tree/fruit of sp. Phoenix dactylifera) povikavo
fig (tree/fruit of genus Ficus) manivo
flax (Linum
usitatissimum) momo
garlic (herb of sp. Allium sativum) solana
ginger (plant/rhizome of genus Zingiber) talala
ginseng
(plant/root of genus Panax) tiyo
gourd (plant/hard-rinded fruit of
genera Lagenaria & Cucurbita) 'i
grape (plant/fruit of genus
Vitis) mimisami
grass (monocotyledonous plant of family Gramineae)
'isini
hemp, marijuana (plant/material of sp. Cannabis sativa)
nota
kelp (seaweed of orders Laminariales and Fucales) li'a
lentil (plant/seeds of sp. Lens culinaris) ki
lettuce
(plant/leaves of genus Lactuca) moni
mandarin, tangerine (tree/fruit
of sp. Citrus reticulata) tivi
mint (plant of family Labiatae) to
mushroom (a complex aerial fleshy fruiting body of a fungus) naso
mustard (plant of sp. Brassica hirta / B. nigra / B. juncea) mipapa
oak (tree of genus Quercus) yomovo
oat (plant/seed of genus
Avena) tilika
olive (tree/fruit of sp. Olea europaea) sino
onion (plant/bulb of sp. Allium sepa) ti
orange (tree/fruit
of Citrus sinensis / related spp.) yasasovo
pea (plant/seed of sp.
Pisum sativum) tilona
peanut (plant/seed/pod of sp. Arachis hypogaea)
salasota
pepper (hot/sweet/bell pepper -- plant/pod of genus
Capsicum) yi
pepper (black -- plant/seed of sp. Piper nigrum)
yi'apa
pine (coniferous tree of genus Pinus) na
plum
(certain trees/fruits of genus Prunus) vaka'ivo
potato (plant/tuber
of sp. Solanum tuberosum) makokamo
rice (plant/seed of sp. Oryza
sativa) posa
rose (plant/flower of genus Rosa) lani
safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) yipomiki
sesame (plant/seed
of genus Sesamum) lapovona
soya, soybean (plant/seed of sp. Glycine
max) masanoya
spinach (plant/leaves of sp. Spinacia oleracea) pasi
squash, melon (plant/fruit of genus Cucurbita grown for edible fruit)
tamiso
sunflower (plant/bloom of sp. Helianthus annuus) vasona
tea (plant/leaves of sp. Camellia sinensis) mayivo
tobacco
(plant/leaves of sp. Nicotiana tabacum) ko
tomato (plant/berry of
genus Lycopersicon) nilana
wheat (plant/seed of sp. Triticum
aestivum) na
bush, shrub ya'ayo
garden vonaka
grain(s), cereal crop(s) and their seed(s) tina
harvest, reap
na
plant (a vegetable life-form) vomi
tree yomavo'i
bay (small body of water offset from lake or sea) tovilo
beach, shore samalita
cave vati
cliff no
cloud talapa
desert malaso
earth (terra firma
contrasted with sea and heaven) kisolo
earthquake vopa'o
eclipse napoti
field (unbroken expanse of land) pi
flood, deluge mo
fog soyimi'i
forest noma
hail yoka
hill (smaller than a mountain) lilava
island 'a'oma
lake pita
lightning sayi
moon (natural satellite of a planet) voyaki
mountain 'a
nature (that which occurs spontaneously; the non-artificial world)
'i'i
planet no'i
rain lato
rainbow lasini
river vo
sea, ocean posoyo
sky limali
snow viki
star lomiyama
storm pivomo
sun novi'aso
swamp, marsh 'o'a'a
thunder
tosiyaso
tide lopiyako
tornado latiyato
universe, cosmos li
valley ko'a
volcano ya
weather noka
wind sasavayi
world nakaya
arrow (sharp-tipped shaft shot from a bow) 'opi
axe vosi
balloon niso
bar, rod ki
barrel, cask vanitiki
basket ma'iko
bed vama
bell timini
blade si
blanket (large piece of soft material used as a
cover) lo'o
board ya'imo
bomb nasiyi
bottle
so
bow (for arrows) sa
bowl (deep round dish) vikami
box (rigid rectangular receptacle) paso
brake mi
brick (hard clay block) lokani
broom sovoma
brush
kona
bucket, pail pisakipo
bullet kopisi
button
(on a shirt etc.) va
cage talokano
can (presealed metal
container) {British: tin} mipi'ito
candle so
cannon la
chain (connected series of rings or links) ponipi
chair
(furniture for one person to sit on) vilipi
cigarette 'iya
clock ka
club, cudgel nikomato
coin siya
comb kalovi
computer (electronic instruction-obeying
information-handler) mi
container sisili
cord, cable
(thicker than wire) vitasayi
cover (thing put onto or extended over
something else) to
cup (small bowl with handle) va
curtain
mimimo
dial (circle marked with numbers/symbols) vikiloya
dish (any shallow concave container) volisi
doll, effigy
tanava
dome (anything shaped like an upside-down bowl) 'o
drain (device that removes unwanted liquid) pa'i
drill
mita
drum (hollow musical instrument beaten with sticks or hands)
ka
envelope (folded paper covering a letter) 'ika
fan
(device to create air current) yala'ivi
fence (outdoor barrier
supported by posts) la
file (tool for abrading) 'a
flag,
banner tavokito
fork (instrument with >=2 prongs for picking up
something) ti
frame (structure supporting or surrounding something)
ti'otaki
furniture to
gear (toothed wheel) laki'i
guitar (stringed instrument played with the fingers) soyati
gun (ballistic weapon) vakovoyi
hammer mi'iva
handle (part of tool by which it is held) pi
hinge 'ilana
hook sita
horn (makes noise when blown) mavo
hourglass lo'ipiva
jar, jug (big wide-mouthed bottle)
mi'iva
key (metal device for operating lock) livota
knife
moyopipo
knob vapapi'o
ladder kovipo
lamp va
lens soyoko
lever nopitoki
lock (device for
securing doors) tavamiki
machine (device with moving parts) naki
match (little fire-stick) la
microscope no
mirror
ko'i
motor, engine pono
nail (pointy fastener) mo'isana
needle 'onanivo
net layimoyo
oven ti
package, packet, parcel 'ayipini
paddle, oar (stick with
broad end) kiyi
pan (broad shallow cooking dish) vimi'a
patch (a piece used to cover/repair a flaw) povo
pedal
silima
pen (writing tool that uses ink) nimo
pencil,
crayon (writing tool that uses semi-solid substance) no
pillow,
cushion 'o
pipe (a hard tube for transporting liquid) minipa
plate (shallow dish, usually round) na
plow (plough)
miyivi
pocket yopali'o
pole, stick (long bar) koyiyili
post (vertical pole anchored in ground) kapi
pot (deep round
vessel) li
pulley yiviyo
pump lini
rack
(framework of bars for storage) yi
radio apparatus, wireless set
to
rail (usually horizontal bar for restraining/supporting things)
vakilo
rake ko'o
razor yo
rope tonapo
rug, mat kayapani
sack, bag yano
sail mi
saw (tool) vikopi
scale (device to measure weight) piniyo
scissors nipama
screen, mesh talamoni
screw
(threaded fastener) piliva
sign (board with public notice written on
it) yavilisa
shelf yi
shield (a protective implement)
yitili
shovel 'akalo
spear, lance ka
sponge
(real/synthetic corpse of animal of phylum Porifera) 'iva
spool, reel
(cylinder onto which something is wound) ma
spoon mikavapo
spring (metal helix) mikita
staple (fastener) kayo
strap lakita
string (thicker than thread and thinner than
rope) nayi
stylus nasisa
sword na
syringe
votosi
table (piece of furniture with flat top) 'avoli
telephone ma'ilipi
telescope na'i
television set
'o
toilet, water closet nasa
tool, utensil, implement
tina
tongs salosi
towel komoso
toy, plaything
yoko
trap mi
tray (shallow rectangular dish) mo
umbrella pilo
valve (flow-controller) no
weapon
kipa
wheel 'o
wire (long thread-like piece of metal)
tapasa
wrench {British: spanner} yomoso
apron kani'aso
belt vivoli
coat (heavy outer garment with sleeves) ta
collar vo
eyeglasses nikoni
garment (item of
clothing) to
glove toyitiva
harness vapava
hat,
cap tato
helmet yiyi'apo
jacket (a short and/or
lightweight coat) 'ako'i'i
necktie yo'i
pants, trousers
komako
shirt viya
shorts, trunks (trousers extending no
lower than knees) pasomino
shoe siso
skirt, kilt, dress
(any torso-garment open at the bottom) ko
sock, hose, stocking sa
uniform (special garments worn by members of a group) 'opo
veil lolanoso
building, edifice (structure with walls and
roof) nisa
attic, garret sapoyi
ceiling 'i
cellar, basement 'ato
chimney na
door yipamala
elevator {British: lift} nasamalo
fireplace, hearth pasi
floor (bottom of room) pisi
roof pako
room,
chamber li
stair(s) pomi
wall yili
window
koyisi
church (building or institution of public worship) ta
factory papano
hospital ya
hotel, inn sitiso
house (a free-standing man-made dwelling-building) siyomopo
library kotinama
mill (place where raw materials are
processed) 'o
prison, jail 'i
school kilososa
store, shop, boutique sinipa
tavern, bar, pub valapo
theater mi
university solavono
bridge to
farm ka
park (public outdoor area) votakako
market
(place where goods are bought/sold/traded) ma
tower vo
agency, bureau 'itoki
army ki
authority (the
right/power to command) mani
campaign (for political office) la'i
constitution (charter of an organization) sivisi
control
yo'ikito
court (of law) na
crime nika
elect
(select by voting) ki
free (at liberty) yopamo
government
ki
independent liyi
international ni
jury
yapi
law (a rule enforced by a government) milapito
military nimi
nation, state (political entity) 'i
obey siso
official (issued with authority) ko
organize (bring X's together to perform a task) vapapo
parliament, congress (legislative body of elected officers) sito
party (political), sect (religious) vitikipi
permit, allow,
let koyi
police (organization to enforce laws) komaniti
politics pamavo
prohibit, forbid, contra-permit mila'ini
province (of Canada etc.), prefecture, state (of USA etc.) yi
resign 'olava
rule, regulation nino
submission,
surrender lono
tax 'otapana
trial (in court) sipa
unite nomi'i
vote naka
war si'ola
accept (willingly receive) lalo
account (record of money
received/paid/owed) ko
bank (monetary institution) kipo
bill, invoice (statement of money owed) patayo
borrow 'ona
business, commerce viti
buy, purchase tatayi
cheap, inexpensive kiyana
check (written order directing a
bank to pay from an account) ki
company (a business organization),
firm kivi
contract (agreement-document) yolomoni
credit
(permission to borrow money) 'ivo
debt, obligation to pay so
exchange, trade, swap ta'o
expensive, costly 'i'a
frugal, thrifty vivosayo
generous, charitable yo
get, acquire, gain, obtain po
give 'ala
insurance
(protective contractual arrangement) tapa
invest masilito
job, employment vokimama
keep, retain, go on having (e.g.
"you should keep this book") yamimoya
lack (be without) vayo
lend konapa
lose (cease having; contra-acquire) 'oyaloso
merchandise, goods, wares liyaki
money tanivano
offer (present for acceptance or rejection) yilayoto
own
(possess according to law or custom) yisola
pay sa'a
poor,
impoverished lilo
price, cost ki
private (contra-public)
papoki
prize, award 'i
profit, gain yo
provide,
supply, furnish 'atiyo'o
public (available to most or all persons)
koya
punish vili
receive piyonovo
reject,
refuse (contra-accept) lano
responsibility, liability, accountability
lo
reward so
rich, wealthy lasiko
sell
sotopa
steal (take in a criminal way) linova
store, cache,
reserve, reservoir li
take (in the sense of E-o "preni", G "nehmen",
Sp "tomar") si
ticket, coupon tivakasa
value (the quality
of being useful and/or desirable), worth ma'i'ovi
angel, fairy
(supernatural flying humanoid) yitamo
bless (wish good upon)
volala
curse, damn (wish evil upon) pamipo
ghost
(manifestation of dead person's soul) kaya
god, diety vayinipa
heaven, celestial realm, Valhala etc. ti'i
hell, Hades
vati
holy, sacred pa
magic, sorcery pi
pray
(communicate with god(s)) na
priest, clergyman kima'o
religion manasa
revelation, mystical vision mipopalo
ritual, rite, ceremony yosa
soul, spirit (believed to outlive
the body) ti
admire pimo
alert mona'i
angry
viso
approve (of) liso
art (creative craft; productive use
of talent) 'o
attention (active perception) nisila
behavior, conduct pa'oka
believe (accept as true) kimikomo
blame mopo
boring, tedious ti
calculate, reckon
ni
care, concern (about someone / something) sa'i
caution,
prudence, carefulness no'avolo
celebrate, rejoice lopamo
choose, pick (out), select one of many possibilities 'o
comfort (freedom from pain and/or worry) simalo
compare
kokinayi
conscious, aware natoyima
courage, bravery
kipo
dear, precious, cherished masomavo
decide sosa
disappointment pomopaki
distinguish, differentiate, tell one
from another ti
doubt miti
dream lovino
embarrassment mali'ono
enthusiasm, zeal si
expect,
anticipate (believe that X will come/happen) lona'a
experience
(consciously live through an event) po'okono
favor, prefer
sitaviyi
fear (be afraid of) la
feel (experience an
emotion/sentiment) ka
foolish tako
forget
(contra-remember) lo
forgive, pardon ti
funny, comical
pana
grateful, thankful yotola
greedy movi
guard, monitor, watch over 'i
guess, conjecture pa
guide, lead tokoya
guilty, blame-worthy 'ayina
habit, custom, routine practice mi
happy tivina
hate simino
hope toyonisi
humble, modest
sanolapi
idea, concept (thought-bundle) si
imagine
'oyalo
important 'inatolo
innocent, contra-guilty
pilota
insane, crazy, mad mo'alo
intelligent kolomosa
intend, mean to, do deliberately, have as a purpose matomo'o
interest (desire to pay attention to something), fascination viyiva
invent (plan something which has never been made before) ma
jealousy, envy naka'ayo
judge (compare something to
criteria), form an opinion about pa
know lamotoko
knowledge tosoka
learn yava'ana
like, enjoy
(derive pleasure from) novi
logic (formalized process of reasoning)
'itani
lonely (feeling undesirable solitude) povivi
love
liyiyo
loyal li
mercy vo'otilo
mind mila
mystery 'ami
neglect, negligence, apathy 'i
nice,
kind, affable vili
notice, observe va
opinion yi
patience pama
peace (freedom from fighting or turmoil) so
perceive, detect simi
pity, feel compassion toward, feel
sorry for natatito
plan, design liko
play (performed by
actors on stage), drama tolosapi
pretend, act, feign layi
pride (proudness; self-respect) vimaka
reason, explanation,
justification, rationale 'o
reasoning, rational thought so
recognize si
regret po
remember ki
respect, venerate, esteem salapino
revenge, vengeance,
retribution, getting even ka'oviva
sad, unhappy, melancholy 'ayoka
satisfaction ya
seek, search (for), look for nopipa
seem, appear to be, give the impression of mi
serious,
earnest, grave ta
shame 'ovo'i
study tavapali
stupid yapa
subject, topic of discussion sotala
suppose, presume 'ivovaki
surprise, startle ni'amiyi
talent, skill, knack 'a
teach moli
tempt ka
theory sivipo'o
think 'amivavi
trust koni
understand, comprehend 'a'amola
want, wish, desire koto
whim, caprice manopi'a
wise yimapi
worry, anxiety
sovi
address (postal co-ordinates) voyina
admit, confess
sayapo
advertisement posomiyi
advice yayivaki
alphabet voyo
announce, proclaim miva
answer,
reply to a question or argument ka
article, essay (piece of text
about one topic) sayovo
ask, inquire sayi
book pita
call, summon soyi
chapter (main division of book) popi
chart, diagram novi
claim, assertion (statement of unknown
accuracy) 'oyo
code (cryptographic system) valapi
command,
order, directive nayo
communication (exchange of information)
savitato
consonant (non-vowel) ya
criticize yo'ano
deny (say that X is not true) 'akonini
describe 'oto
dictionary sapi
discuss, talk about molo'iya
document yokakono
emphasize, accentuate, stress mipa
fact (undisputed datum) solalo
fiction 'iyi
file
(dossier; loose bundle of data) vo'apoko
grammar (rules and structure
of a language) ni'o
history (organized account of past events),
chronicle pakaso
indicate mita
information molivo
insult yamata
invite li
issue, edition (of
periodical etc.) lo
label kokavati
language (the verbal
communication technique of a people) 'akona
letter (a message written
and mailed) siniyi
lie (utter a known falsehood) mo'ano
list kanotimo
magazine (periodical publication) tolo
mail (transmit postally) vanamamo
map (drawing of planet's
surface) tovosoni
meaning (semantic content of a word) lova
message (batch of transmitted information) sato'a'a
movie,
motion picture kolomima
name ya
news, tidings lo'i'i
newspaper votoloyo
noise (confused/randomized sound/stimuli)
likiti
note, annotation mo
page (one side of a sheet of
paper in a book) tipolovo
photograph lapipi
poem savo'o
praise, compliment, laud vi'a
print (to copy marks by
pressing inked objects on paper) kasanato
promise (a claim about
one's future actions), pledge yotini
protest, objection tonomopa
question, query 'otasi
quote, cite niso
read
pipava
record (a cache of information) yipokiti
request,
ask for posi'oli
say, tell, express in words va
secret
mapayo
sentence (of words) 'o
sing yayipino
speak, talk vi
story, report kima
suggest, propose
(offer an idea) vi
syllable nilovo
symbol, sign, token
vi'anavi
thank (express gratitude toward) vavi
vocabulary
(sum of words available to a person/people) yisisoyo
voice po
vowel tayiyivo
warn konitamo
word noliyoyi
write 'o
game (a rule-governed system of competitive
amusement) kisi
game, match (one particular encounter between
competitors) momopo
athletics (games involving physical skill),
sports vomoti
score (the tally of points in a competition) ka
umpire, referee, official ya
ball (spheroidal plaything)
mo
bat, stick, racket/racquet (any ball-hitting tool) vitisi
ski nipokalo
baseball nopi
basketball 'imama
football (association f~), soccer moyoto'o
football
(American/tackle f~) sa
gymnastics sa
hockey pomima
pool, billiards lo
tennis ko'osoya
chess
vonavimo
play, recreate, frolic vi
same, identical yapa
similar si
different mi
other, another mimiya
change (become/make different), vary pako
imitate, mimic
la
original, non-imitative lako
prototype, exemplar,
archetype, model (for all Xs) mali
copy (a duplicate) pinako
zero ka
one lapi
two ya
three
nikapi'a
four sovitapi
five sotolipi
six
vata
seven poyaloka
eight mokalina
nine
ya'aso
ten tiyakalo
hundred pi'imomi
thousand
pimi
million pokivi
half (1/2) yitita
quantity
(amount / number / magnitude) kopa
number, numeral (a word or symbol
indicating quantity) tovo'o'i
count, enumerate vovikamo
measure sa
ratio, rate, proportion tovoka
add,
append, join so as to cause an increase kopi
remove, subtract, take
away, delete pava
increase (become or make greater in quantity)
yakoyi
decrease (become or make lesser in quantity) losisapa
multiply payikilo
divide ni
total, sum, aggregate
pilakosa
rest (of ...), remainder, leftovers, remnant pi
whole, entire, complete vo
all (the whole number or entire
sum of) mino
many (a large number of) kova
few (a small
number of) ma
much (a large quantity of) ya'oyavi
more (a
larger quantity of) makona
most (the largest quantity of) voko
little (a small quantity of) popila
less (a smaller quantity
of) lava
least (the smallest quantity of) so'oki
part
nova
piece (a part broken/cut/separated from something larger) ta
section, segment (a part somehow different/separated from others)
yosa'asi
allocation, allotment, portion (someone's share of X)
yisivo
group vapi
batch (quantity of things done/produced
at one time) pasimomi
bundle, bunch (group of things tied or grouped
together) yikinama
majority lilavovi
minority yima
density 'ami
dense (of much density), concentrated, thick,
intense lalopini
rarefied, tenuous, diffuse, dilute, sparse, wispy
yo
full, filled pi'a
empty yata
degree (the
extent/intensity/scope of an action/condition/relation) ka
at least,
not less than (>=) sokavovi
at most, only, just, merely, not more
than (<=) na
much, very (to a large degree; with great intensity)
vi
more (to a larger degree) 'o
most (to the largest
degree) vasa'osa
little (to a small degree; with almost no intensity)
ka
less (to a smaller degree) vi
least (to the smallest
degree) 'iyipasi
enough, sufficiently moko
almost, nearly
lopina
too much, excessively tiyotayi
too little,
insufficiently li
size (degree of largeness or smallness) 'iyatamo
huge, enormous, gigantic milato
big, large (of much size)
tasino
small (of little size) voki
tiny, minuscule
la'ivi
expand, grow to
shrink, contract nimivina
distance (amount of space from X to Y) 'a'onata
far (at / to
a great distance) pominoso
near (at / to a little distance) kinoni
present (existing in the indicated place; contra-absent) mi
absent simiyovo
place, location koko'iti
length
(distance from one end to the other) 'anani
long (of much length)
mi
short (of little length) yisasavo
width (degree of
wideness or narrowness) somomovo
wide, broad (of space between
objects) nanopoya
narrow, of little width (of space between objects)
potovo
thickness (of a solid object, etc.) lanipi
thick,
fat (large from one surface to the opposite surface) so'a
thin,
slender (small from one surface to the opposite surface) salayo'i
height (distance from ground / baseline to top) ni'oti'i
high, tall (of much height) tama
low, short (not tall; of
little height) so
depth (distance from ground / baseline down to
bottom) la
deep, profound (of much depth) ka
shallow (of
little depth) vato'api
horizontal sa
vertical si
diagonal, slanted mi
sloped, inclined/declined (not
horizontal) vimiso
angle (the relation of two lines radiating from a
point) laloyapo
position (location relative to others) sokito
region, area (a quantity of space within boundaries) mapoli
space, room, void nasimi
connection, joint, junction
ta'ayi
environment, surroundings, context 'ikisoma
front
'imina
rear, back part of ya
side, flank, lateral area
vi
middle, center pitasi
top, peak, summit kinosomo
bottom yo
edge so
inner, internal, interior
limo
outer, exterior, external 'apataka
limit, boundary
so
find (discover the location of) nata
misplace (lose;
become unable to find) sali
direction (orientation of motion)
kiyatipo
up yapoyo
down kikosa
north 'a
south 'itosoyi
east po'ososo
west ma
right(-hand) va
left(-hand) viso
away (from this
or that place) ta
back (to previous place / condition) tayayo
inverted, upside-down ka'i
backward (in reverse order)
manokali
direct, immediate (with no intermediaries or obstacles)
li
serpentine, meandering, convoluted pavolovi
city
ki'a
village 'alakomo
rural area, countryside ko
source, origin ni'oyo
route, path, course ko
destination pavo
aim (to point/direct X toward Y) lisi
attract yomoyi
avoid, evade, keep away from nayi
barrier, obstacle yisaliki
base, node, station (point from
which things go or are done) nosalolo
bring (cause something to come
along with one toward a place) mosa
capture, seize pokino
carry (move while supporting) lapa
come, arrive (at indicated
place) notayi
drift, wander to
drive, impel, propel
tivovi
emit (to send out any form of matter/energy in any manner)
no
enter, go into lako
escape, flee from vasi'ipi
fly (move through the air) mi'i
forward, ahead vamatoki
gather, collect (bring or come together) nikana'a
go (move
from starting point to elsewhere) 'o
journey, trip, voyage ma
leave, depart, go away from yo
load, burden misasiki
meet, encounter, come across pivolosi
miss, fail to
hit/reach/see etc. 'amasoki
move (engage in motion / cause to engage
in motion) mopiyo
put, place, translocate molopipo
reach,
extend as far as la
release (quit keeping/restraining) kotosoni
remain, stay 'i
repel 'i'i
restrain, inhibit, hold
back ti'ovilo
retrieve, fetch (go to X and bring it back) kamomi'a
return (go or send back to previous place/condition) tovopapo
ride (sit/perch in/on a vehicle/horse/etc. and travel) miyaki
roll (move like a ball/cylinder by turning over and over) tapo'a
send, dispatch, transmit tasomoyi
slide, slip, glide
lolavo
stretch, extend na'a'i
turn, divert (send in a
different direction) kamo
turn, rotate, revolve totimavo
visit molisoso
airplane, aircraft na
bicycle
koko
boat kayi
bus yiso
canal, channel, ditch
tapipipa
car, automobile (wheeled motor vehicle) yoloyayo
cart, carriage, wagon (wheeled vehicle; not self-propelled) 'o'ili
motorcycle konotiso
port sipo
railroad kilipi
road kiposayo
rocket sa
ship yakima
street yo
train (of railroad) pitaki
truck
{British: lorry} (motor vehicle for cargo-carrying) sipi
vehicle
pa
age (degree of oldness / youngness) koyani
young (of
little age; having existed/lived for a brief time) kova
old (of much
age; having existed/lived for a long time) na
new, novel, recent
(having been known for a brief time) tiyivi
old (of long standing;
having been known for a long time) nikopono
permanent, perpetual
yinikaka
constant, invariant, stable ta
temporary,
transient mavokiko
interval (quantity of time between events X and Y)
ko
irregular, sporadic, intermittent mavi
regular,
periodic (at uniform intervals) pi
rhythm yolosovi
time
(e.g. "do it 3 times"), occasion, instance, iteration mamayapi
again,
once more, re- to'oko
alternate, take turns (do X then Y then X then
Y) mo'ita
cycle (one complete performance of a periodic process)
pinotapi
frequency (degree of oftenness or seldomness) so'oyiva
frequently, often 'atomoli
seldom, rarely pana
duration (amount of time consumed) no
long (of much duration)
yiviva
short, brief (of little duration) vini
gradual
vavi
sudden, abrupt lasati
begin, commence, start
vo'ipaki
continue, keep on doing/being tomokapi
pause,
hesitate, suspend action temporarily po
end, conclude, finish
yika'i
cease, stop doing, quit posonavo
delay, retard,
tarry, postpone vo
rush, hurry, hasten yoka
period, era,
epoch sipo
moment, an instant somi
always (at all times)
takaki
ever (at any time) loyi
never mi
time
(the dimension/continuum of past-present-future) lilipaki
past (the
p~), earlier time kopitoya
present (the present time; the now)
yolapoka
future (the f~) kiva'ivi
already (prior to the
time mentioned) no
still, yet (even until the time mentioned)
koyoni
yesterday toyayani
today papo
tomorrow
yana
long ago (in the far past) nisa
recently (in the near
past) livaki
now (at this time) viyino'a
soon (in the near
future) miva
eventually (in the far future) loyivo
early,
premature tapava
timely, prompt, on time vi
late, tardy
yavomi
speed, velocity (degree of fastness or slowness) vo
quickly, rapidly, swiftly (with much speed) noki
slowly (with
little speed) 'opata
series (a number of similar things following one
another) sani
sequence, order (temporal arrangement of events in a
series) lovata
last, final (after all others) notapaya
prior, preceding, previous, contra-next 'ani'a'a
next (coming
immediately after; "tomorrow" = the next day) poyilo
season
'oyimoki
spring (the season) tosasipo
summer yo
autumn, fall kayi
winter takayima
century 'oli
year lokolayi
month pi
week no
day
(24-hour period) toyaki
date (coordinates of a day given in some
timekeeping system) ti
day (daytime -- as opposed to night), diurnal
period lonovika
night lamayi
morning (dawn to noon)
lala'o
noon koyako
afternoon (noon to dusk) ki
evening (dusk to midnight) 'ako'a'i
midnight 'o'ita
graveyard shift, middle of the night (midnight to dawn) ti
hour (60 minutes) vokila'a
minute (60 seconds) ni
second (1/60th of a minute) no'osi
holiday yaloviko
sabbath (day of week with religious significance) 'osasivi
wait (for), await ta
air 'apimapo
alcohol
pivika
ash vatava
brass (copper-zinc alloy) ti
carbon 'i
chalk vasotimi
chemical (substance made
by or used in chemistry) li
clay sa
cloth, fabric
(material made of threads) voyi
coal vinami
copper
nataloyi
dirt, earth (tangible), soil va
dust vitopo'i
element (substance of irreducible simplicity) tipi
fat
(oily/greasy material from animal adipose tissue or plant seeds) manatala
fuel lo
glass tilima
gold (the precious metal)
yi
ice 'i'ini
ink 'iva
iron yokamo
jade (the tough green gemstone) vo
jewel, gem la
lead (the metal) si
leather (prepared hide) masokami
medicine (substance that makes one healthy) pili
metal ma
mineral, ore ma'aka
mud vikita
neon sapano'o
nitrogen sa
oil (a combustible fatty liquid that will not mix
with water) moyotimo
oil (crude oil), petroleum 'o
oxygen
po
paint va'i
paper 'ivo
plastic
(synthetic/processed moldable material) lokasovi
poison, toxin
liva
potassium maka
quartz na'o
rock, stone
pokonato
rubber ya
salt yoyamipo
sand yokoni
silk ma
silver (the metal) vo
soap pola
sodium ya'a
steam pomo
steel li'o'i
sulfur liti
tar (dark viscous liquid obtained by destructive
distillation) yiti
tin (the metal) so
water pivato
wax nopolipo
wood (the substance) nato'oko
wool
kivo'ipa
beer nopino
bitter pa'ili
bread
lamola
butter laki
cheese sa
chocolate ta
flavor, taste mivo
flour (grain-powder) mi
food
mopo
honey nanaki
milk si'ili
pasta, noodles
'a
pizza soloka
salad 'asa
sandwich mi'osiva
sausage ponatipa
soup voliyi
sour 'amovapi
spice, seasoning koki
sugar mi
sweet paviya
vinegar matopa
wine siki
arch lito
band, tape, flat strip 'ayo
block (solid flat-surfaced mass
of material) 'iniyiki
branch (small part going out from main part)
mona'i
bump, protrusion novamo
card (stiff rectangle of
material) mamo'aya
circle mopiko
coil lisi
cone
'asomoki
crack, fissure yava
cross (perpendicular
intersection of linear items) payoya
crystal sinamota
cube
somiloka
curve po
cylinder vaniyo
dent, nick,
indentation lanopapi
disk, disc nomotapo
drop (of liquid)
mi
film (very thin layer) na
flared (opening up or
spreading out from axis) layi
foam, froth si
form, shape
noti
furrow, rut, groove yomo'ala
garbage, trash, rubbish
solo
gas nisota
helix (any corkscrew-shaped object) ki
hole lotokosi
jelly (gelatinous semi-solid material), gel
ko
juice (fluid extracted from something) yiyinoyi
layer
'i
line (series of contiguous points) mokayi'i
liquid
sika
loop, circuit, closed curve li'avako
lump, clod,
blob, piece of no particular shape ka
mark (visible traces left
behind) vakoka
matter, material, substance po
object
(concrete tangible thing) sakati
opening, orifice pomani
oval, ellipse ma
parallel mokivoso
paste (any
thick soft dough-like material) patiloli
pattern (apparent systematic
interrelationship) vimovi
pile, heap, stack of things or of a
substance 'otisi
plane (flat surface) 'oyito'i
plug, seal,
stopper yipiti'i
powder po
pyramid mokoyo
ray
lakosoli
rectangle paniya
ring, torus vi
rust,
corrosion yoyi
scratch la
sheath vi
sheet (thin
rectangle of paper/cloth/etc.) sivapavo
shower, sprinkle ni
smoke pasi
solid (not a gas or liquid) mama
sphere
yi
spike, barb, cleat, thorn yonato'o
spiral, whorl
mavomita
square kinonosa
stripe mi
surface
votato
swelling, inflation votoyi
tapered (becoming
narrower toward an end) 'o
thread, filament yi
triangle
tavosipa
wave vi
wedge tolatili
wrinkle, crease
layi
flat, planar lali
level, even (on the same level)
si'imo
smooth somo
rough, coarse, contra-smooth la
straight (not bent) 'o
bent yasiyo
pure,
unadulterated, uncontaminated nisopi
clean mamo
dirty,
contra-clean ki'i
open (not shut) yakami
closed, shut
so'oso
wet no'ipava
dry mayivoko
sharp, keen,
pointy, acute nota'ani
dull, blunt (of little sharpness) 'oto
soft, malleable, yielding to pressure 'apa
hard, firm,
resistant to pressure yiso
flexible (easily able to bend) yolasili
stiff, rigid mi'o
elastic (able to regain shape/size after
deformation) 'omomito
durable, resilient, robust, strong (in this
sense) na
fragile, delicate ya
weight (degree of heaviness
or lightness) ka
heavy (of much weight) 'itiso'i
light (of
little weight) yoto
solid (contra-hollow) ki'i
hollow
kipi
snug (just large enough to contain X), tight (in this sense)
namoya'o
loose (contra-snug), baggy mo
taut, tight, tense,
strained taponona
loose (contra-taut), slack poto
viscous,
thick (of high viscosity) lisi
runny, thin (of little viscosity)
taka
absorb vovimano
adhere (hold tightly to / stick to
something) si'ova
beat (repeatedly hit), batter so
blow
(move/cause to move as a current of gas) so
boil pamino
bounce, rebound ya
break (into pieces) polavasa
build (join materials to create), construct lapi
burn
yavokola
burst yiso
consume, deplete, expend, exhaust, use
up kasi
contain nipoki
crush (press on so as to break or
re-shape) li'ali
cut no'amapo
dig vamimo
dissolve 'ovimo
evaporate tali
explode li'aki
float laloto'i
flow (travel in a current) ma
fold
nimamoti
freeze lo'i
grind noma
hang, suspend,
dangle yapa
hit, strike kavako
melt miyani'o
mix, blend siyoyi
pollute, contaminate 'i'a
pour
(cause to flow) 'itava
preserve, maintain (keep X in good condition)
nalimini
press (do pressure to; push upon with weight or force) sa
pry {British: prize} (raise/open/move with a lever) lana
pull
(draw something toward oneself) pamayi'o
push (press on something in
order to move it) yikoyama
rot, decay mitaki
rub, abrade
li
sew lopati
shake tasamama
shoot (cause to
rapidly go forth) pa
sink tovikima
spill (accidentally
emit liquid) nipapama
spread (begin to cover or cause X to cover more
area) sititiko
stab, jab 'aka
stir, agitate lino
suck sivo
sweep to
tear, rip takano
tie, bind vatoti
trim, prune (cut off ragged edges)
viyipo'a
wash vivi
weave limako'a
wrap
niviyo
acid(ic) povalo
alkaline vikiyiti
atom
lovo
balance, equilibrium 'a
basis, foundation (part which
supports the rest) tatavovo
electricity matapi
energy
to'ati
fire tolalosi
force kayavisa
gravity
ni'okisa
magnet ko
molecule mivo
power
popolavi
smell, odor, aroma kova
strength (ability to
exert physical power) vopoyapo
stroke, jolt, blow of force kamosi
vacuum lapani
vapor, mist tito'iti
polarity
(electric, magnetic, etc.) lo
positive vo
negative taki
gentle, mild ni
violent, harsh yimisa
see
soposi
light (visible electro-magnetic radiation) sivovo
color po
shadow, shade 'a'o'a
shine (radiate
light) ki
picture, image yomapi
bright (with much light
present) valapi
dark, dim (with little light present) sanoyi
black na
gray {British: grey} kipono
white to'i
red ko'a
orange (having a hue between red and yellow) vo
yellow kalani
green li
blue 'ipavika
purple patokoma
brown kivaso
beautiful tinayamo
ugly 'a'i
ornament, decoration mo
blemish, blot
yavi
hide, conceal vi'imamo
reveal, disclose tata
examine, inspect ta
show, exhibit, display vavo'i
sound (audible waves in the air) vomo'i
silent ko'o
quiet, soft, faint (of little sonic intensity) kamo
loud (of
much sonic intensity) yi
hear 'amitima
music papa'a
tone, pitch (frequency of sound waves) sa
whistle ni
temperature (relative amount of heat present) to
heat, warmth
vi'o
cold, chilly, frigid nanotivi
cool lamovomi
warm lata
hot yopo
bake (cook or harden by means
of dry heat) 'okanona
cook (prepare by applying heat) loya'o
happen, occur 'ona
accident (unintentional and unexpected
event) po
miracle 'opalo
disaster, catastrophe sisosapi
act, deed nivino
activity, bustle, ado si
result,
consequence posi
agree pilola
fight, combat yivotasa
protect, defend 'isivoni
attack tito
good piki
bad lo
category, classification pikisiti
kind,
sort, type, variety (of...) kipayi
certain, sure ti
probable (likely to happen/be) sisi
cooperate, collaborate
yili
compete, strive, vie nanasa
help, assist, aid navo
interfere, hinder vosanayi
succeed sayokiso
fail
niko'i
simple katota
complex lokavipo
condition, state, status lakati
create, make (bring into
existence) nopi
destroy (contra-create; cause to cease existing)
na
safety, security volavo
danger (situation in which harm
is probable) ni
easy li'i
difficult, hard nolavo
true kotoni
false, untrue yiti
famous pivita
obscure, unheard of volo
injure, damage, harm sivi
repair, fix visisamo
flaw, defect, imperfection taka
native (naturally belonging to a given realm) ki'apipi
chief,
main, primary, principal yosi'imi
auxiliary kitovolo
normal, ordinary, usual moyivo
strange, weird, unusual,
peculiar laya'i
trouble, difficulty ni'o
real, actual
payi
trick, chicanery mayomoli
right, correct somipi
wrong, incorrect kali
reside, dwell, live po'a
camp, bivouac, temporary shelter nalo'a
nest, den, lair (an
animal's self-made house) yanamiti
represent (act as a substitute
for) yolayono
substitute, surrogate (temporary replacement) posa
replacement (permanent substitute/substitution) yiyayola
common, general (shared by all members of a group) katapa
specific, special, particular pomokipi
ability, capacity (to
do something) 'ikoti
artificial (deliberately made by humans) sopa
automatic nako
chance, randomicity, luck nolo
civilization 'amokako
clear, plain (easy to see/understand)
soso
compromise matova
consist of, be composed of siko
depend on, rely on yona'ayo
deserve, merit, be worthy of
to
detail yiyi
equal pono
evil 'ikina
exact, precise 'ikila
example, sample moyotosi
exercise, practice (effort made to improve skills/health) na'ini
experiment voniyavi
fertile voyaya
harmony
(pleasing combination of stimuli) malo
just, fair, equitable tiso
match (a thing suitably associated with another) palima
method, manner, way (of doing), technique va'ama
mutual,
reciprocal toviva
naked, nude, exposed (without the usual cover)
sa'oyoki
necessary, needed, required 'a'oki
need, require
mitayoto
possible (able to happen or be done) so
prevent
(keep from happening) 'a'itipa
process, procedure 'oka
program na'ala
progress, advancement 'o'a'o
project, undertaking, venture vasipo
proof, evidence ki
quality, trait, attribute, characteristic mo
ready, prepared
for a task / event pota
relationship, association ta
right
(a right to do/be ...) mipasa
role (an individual's function) ma
save, rescue 'o
species novalana
suitable, proper,
fit(ting), appropriate siviyi
system kimikova
task, chore,
job, assignment soyakavo
technology yo
tendency,
propensity, inclination povi'i
try, attempt, endeavor maya'o
use, utilize 'ikotopo
vogue, trend, fad, fashion lava
waste, misuse 'akolo'o
wild, feral, untamed tovo
work, effort, labor, toil koviyo
riot misi
science
somoma
serve (provide service to) mo'otani
set (complete
group of similar items) 'o
strike (work stoppage as protest) movo
support laki'i
test, check napa
torture, torment
ma