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Vong: Vocabulary


As Vong is an isolating language, words are not inflected or do not change form, so if you are searching for a word that is not in the vocabulary, but there is another close word, then use that word. For example, if you cannot find the Vong word for "beauty," a noun in English, then use the Vong word for "beautiful," an adjective in English.

1600 Words

about (pertaining to; on the topic of)
above, over gùm
across (at / to the other side of) òi
after (later than; in the future of) ngàum
around, encircling, surrounding bàu
at (in the same location as) chiun
because of, due to uo
before, in front of, ahead of (spatially)
before, prior to, earlier than
behind, in back of, to the rear of fàn
between, among, amidst, inter- á
beyond, farther than, exceeding jang
by means of, via, per, with (using; through instrumentality of) tha
during
except for, besides, apart from, other than, excluding thú
for (to benefit; destined for; for the purpose of) ua
for (in exchange for) siung
from, out of, away from ang
in (located inside of) suè
instead of, rather than kiòn
like, similar to
near, close to shu
of (owned by; belonging to; associated with; = genitive)
of (containing the measured quantity: "two liters of water") ò
on (resting on; touching the top or other surface of) iu
outside of, exterior to chèn
than, compared to vià
through au
to, towards, at (moving toward) ù
under, below, beneath chì
whether eing
with (accompanied by)
without, with no ..., lacking no
be (intransitive predicative copula) suo
be (passive marker; "be X-ed") aung
exist bùn
become (begin to be; acquire the quality...) nuè
cause (induce something to be/happen) sòu
make, render (impart quality X to Y; e.g. "I make you happy") ta
do, perform, engage in (specified activity) mo
have (possess / be furnished with) giom
can (is/are able to ...)
should, ought to (is/are expected/advised to ...) vúng
this (demonstrative) zien
that (demonstrative)
and, plus jìn
but, however hàin
if (on condition that...; supposing that...) giòn
or shiù
that (e.g. "I know that you are right") luèm
also, additionally, too nguám
apart, separately
here (in/to this place) ziùm
how? (in what manner?) shíng
how much/many? ueng
maybe, perhaps, possibly ziè
not dim
only, solely, exclusively óng
there (at/to that place)
together buí
what? uam
when? (at what time?) è
where? (at/to what place?) thiè
which/who? uom
why? (for what reason?) búng
any (no particular one of) mau
every, each ngà
person, human being ou
self eim
baby, infant ai
child nió
boy uèn
girl méi
man (adult male person) ngí
woman (adult female person) kím
family o
father sun
mother lom
marriage (spousal relationship) tou
husband ia
wife
son giun
daughter thuèng
brother ien
sister shí
chief, leader oing
king choi
queen kòing
president nguá
prime minister àm
dictator, tyrant
master, lord ngài
slave kiúng
soldier vìm
ambassador na
member (of group/organization) pong
friend thí
enemy ing
Mister, Mr. juo
Ms., Miss/Mrs. tue
Miss gùn
Mrs. éi
club, society (voluntary association re: a common interest) bàm
committee (group appointed to do a task) thái
community (individuals sharing space / culture) zuè
culture (the customs and beliefs of a people) miòng
individual (one considered separately from one's species) kàn
people (a people), folk, the members of an ethnic group / nation dong
public, populace, the people (as in People's Republic) ue
race (group of people with similar characteristics) sháu
team, crew, squad po
abdomen í
anus dòng
arm (shoulder to hand) rùm
back (dorsal area)
beard ói
blood vió
body hiù
bone ui
brain
breast, mammary ú
buttock chi
cheek (side of face below eye) dún
chest (upper front of torso)
chin pie
ear lòng
egg chò
eye nèi
face rìng
feather
feces, dung, excrement bíng
fetus (foetus), embryo soi
finger thùng
fist tai
foot (on which something stands) zàm
forehead léi
gene shò
hair (a strand of fibrous material growing from the body) liú
hair (the hairs atop one's head thought of as a collective entity) ngi
hand muem
head ì
heart (coronary muscle) téng
heel juí
hip siòn
horn (bone-like growth from animal's head) sàng
intestines, gut(s), viscera ngei
iris (of eye) hóu
kidney bóu
knee shi
leg io
lip áu
liver pùng
lung eng
meat, flesh
mouth
muscle mióng
nail (fingernail) jié
navel chai
neck
nerve tuang
nose ngiàn
organ (of body)
palm (of hand) viù
penis mi
shell chen
shoulder huè
skeleton shoim
skin jèi
spine, backbone gièng
stomach cha
sweat, perspiration
tail làng
tear(drop(s)) liùn
testicle
throat vìn
thumb
toe
tongue (body-part) gúng
tooth tòm
urine sén
vagina fém
vein, blood vessel pin
waist lèng
wing (of bird etc.) kein
wound tié
wrist nià
berry (small pulpy fruit) do
bud (of flower/leaf) ngèin
flower hio
fruit súm
leaf kóm
nut (hard-shelled fruit/seed with separable shell and kernel) gung
pod (seed pod) nion
root (of a plant) ruing
seed òu
sprout (young shoot of plant) ku
alive le
dead ngom
birth
mature, adult puin
healthy tiung
disease, illness, sickness ròi
fat, obese, plump záng
sex, gender hoi
female dei
male niú
neuter (neither male nor female) fin
sense (ability to perceive a given kind of stimuli)
pain vóm
pleasure kon
tired, weary shòn
refreshed, zesty, perky shé
sleep
awake tuàn
fever
bite zuà
breathe kaing
catch (stop the motion of and seize in the hands)
climb fuá
copulate, have sex (with) bam
crawl
cry out, shout, yell kiam
cry, weep vié
dance piong
die
drink hiùm
drown (die/kill via immersion) pón
eat léng
feel (perceive with the tactile sense) la
gesture èi
hold, grasp kié
hunt, pursue (with intent to capture and/or devour) he
jump, leap thiùm
kick
kill vio
kiss chuá
laugh mon
lie (recline horizontally) pi
live (be alive)
run thuim
shave thùm
sit (be in a sitting position) ngian
smile
sneeze zem
spit shang
squat più
stand thá
swallow góing
swim kin
taste (perceive the flavor of)
throw, toss thuón
touch diè
vomit fúng
walk jèm
wrestle váu
animal (non-vegetable creature) shian
ant (insect of family Formicidae) giá
bear (animal of Ursidae family) zuó
bee (member of genus Apis) ngiu
bird (egg-laying feathered animal with wings)
butterfly buáng
cat (Felis catus) gám
chicken nám
cockroach (insect of order Blattaria) di
cow/bull, cattle (bovine animal of either sex) fói
deer (animal of family Cervidae) u
dog (Canis familiaris) óu
donkey, ass (Equus asinus) hiá
dragon (winged serpent with crested head and large claws) rièm
fish diám
fly (small winged insect) vám
fox (member of genus Vulpes) mong
frog (web-footed tailless leaping amphibian) thèn
goat (animal of genus Capra) kìng
grasshopper
horse (Equus caballus) rión
insect guóng
lion (Felis leo) mèn
lizard dién
lobster
mammal miu
mantis (insect of order Manteodea) hueng
monkey, small primate ngeng
mosquito fiá
mouse kiém
pig, swine (omnivorous mammal of family Suidae) kuè
rabbit (animal of family Leporidae) zoi
reptile muò
sheep (Ovis aries)
snake, serpent (reptile of suborder Serpentes or Ophidia) tam
spider, arachnid suóng
squirrel (rodent of family Sciuridae) ei
tiger (Felis tigris) féing
turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) kuon
turtle (reptile of order Testudinata) chué
virus kòng
whale (large marine mammal of order Cetacea) záim
wolf (Canis lupus) nio
worm shue
apple (tree/fruit of genus Malus) geing
bamboo (plant/stem of genera Bambusa / Arundinaria / Dendrocalamus) bòi
banana (plant/fruit of genus Musa) fiú
bean (lima/snap/etc.: plant/seed of genus Phaseolus or similar) chiém
cabbage (plant/leaves of sp. Brassica oleracea capitata) ra
carrot (plant/root of sp. Daucus carota sativus) rue
coffee (plant/seeds of sp. Coffea arabica) chòum
cork (tree/elastic tissue of sp. Quercus suber) fu
corn, maize (plant/seeds of sp. Zea mays)
cotton (plant/fibers of genus Gossypium) jáing
cucumber (Cucumis sativus) nau
date (tree/fruit of sp. Phoenix dactylifera) fèng
fig (tree/fruit of genus Ficus) záing
flax (Linum usitatissimum) sem
garlic (herb of sp. Allium sativum) rám
ginger (plant/rhizome of genus Zingiber) lué
ginseng (plant/root of genus Panax) rian
gourd (plant/hard-rinded fruit of genera Lagenaria & Cucurbita)
grape (plant/fruit of genus Vitis) vòng
grass (monocotyledonous plant of family Gramineae) chó
hemp, marijuana (plant/material of sp. Cannabis sativa) gen
kelp (seaweed of orders Laminariales and Fucales) luíng
lentil (plant/seeds of sp. Lens culinaris) é
lettuce (plant/leaves of genus Lactuca) luà
mandarin, tangerine (tree/fruit of sp. Citrus reticulata) sáing
mint (plant of family Labiatae)
mushroom (a complex aerial fleshy fruiting body of a fungus) fei
mustard (plant of sp. Brassica hirta / B. nigra / B. juncea) liém
oak (tree of genus Quercus) bui
oat (plant/seed of genus Avena) jóm
olive (tree/fruit of sp. Olea europaea) kuím
onion (plant/bulb of sp. Allium sepa) vèn
orange (tree/fruit of Citrus sinensis / related spp.) fa
pea (plant/seed of sp. Pisum sativum) thém
peanut (plant/seed/pod of sp. Arachis hypogaea) fen
pepper (hot/sweet/bell pepper -- plant/pod of genus Capsicum)
pepper (black -- plant/seed of sp. Piper nigrum) lèi
pine (coniferous tree of genus Pinus) tuàng
plum (certain trees/fruits of genus Prunus) bo
potato (plant/tuber of sp. Solanum tuberosum) jòm
rice (plant/seed of sp. Oryza sativa) zang
rose (plant/flower of genus Rosa) pio
safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) thué
sesame (plant/seed of genus Sesamum) bùng
soya, soybean (plant/seed of sp. Glycine max) thón
spinach (plant/leaves of sp. Spinacia oleracea) je
squash, melon (plant/fruit of genus Cucurbita grown for edible fruit) guè
sunflower (plant/bloom of sp. Helianthus annuus) sóung
tea (plant/leaves of sp. Camellia sinensis) chiè
tobacco (plant/leaves of sp. Nicotiana tabacum) tèm
tomato (plant/berry of genus Lycopersicon) jèng
wheat (plant/seed of sp. Triticum aestivum) jèin
bush, shrub miam
garden sèn
grain(s), cereal crop(s) and their seed(s)
harvest, reap jàim
plant (a vegetable life-form) hòm
tree pia
bay (small body of water offset from lake or sea) róing
beach, shore vàng
cave
cliff ruàn
cloud kìm
desert ngòu
earth (terra firma contrasted with sea and heaven) muon
earthquake nìm
eclipse
field (unbroken expanse of land) díng
flood, deluge shìm
fog bun
forest duon
hail thuì
hill (smaller than a mountain) vái
island koin
lake
lightning làn
moon (natural satellite of a planet) the
mountain ning
nature (that which occurs spontaneously; the non-artificial world) chuàm
planet
rain rùn
rainbow kom
river piá
sea, ocean chìng
sky fùng
snow gue
star siè
storm ding
sun
swamp, marsh luè
thunder kúm
tide fiu
tornado ngu
universe, cosmos rián
valley
volcano shìn
weather biú
wind bua
world shèn
arrow (sharp-tipped shaft shot from a bow) ru
axe fièn
balloon zái
bar, rod
barrel, cask fòi
basket nuíng
bed fou
bell lam
blade kèm
blanket (large piece of soft material used as a cover) fau
board bu
bomb biò
bottle noi
bow (for arrows) káung
bowl (deep round dish) chie
box (rigid rectangular receptacle) tiá
brake meng
brick (hard clay block) kón
broom
brush thàn
bucket, pail so
bullet chuéng
button (on a shirt etc.)
cage shú
can (presealed metal container) {British: tin} zuèng
candle jói
cannon rói
chain (connected series of rings or links) shà
chair (furniture for one person to sit on) thói
cigarette vuìng
clock vin
club, cudgel kùn
coin miám
comb shai
computer (electronic instruction-obeying information-handler) nán
container shiòm
cord, cable (thicker than wire) de
cover (thing put onto or extended over something else) ha
cup (small bowl with handle) rim
curtain thié
dial (circle marked with numbers/symbols) siúm
dish (any shallow concave container) poim
doll, effigy heng
dome (anything shaped like an upside-down bowl) nóm
drain (device that removes unwanted liquid) kuì
drill hièm
drum (hollow musical instrument beaten with sticks or hands) ngèi
envelope (folded paper covering a letter) viá
fan (device to create air current) pòu
fence (outdoor barrier supported by posts)
file (tool for abrading) roum
flag, banner jaum
fork (instrument with >=2 prongs for picking up something) me
frame (structure supporting or surrounding something) kín
furniture rua
gear (toothed wheel) jóum
guitar (stringed instrument played with the fingers) zio
gun (ballistic weapon)
hammer thòing
handle (part of tool by which it is held) fi
hinge ngè
hook fiom
horn (makes noise when blown) vuà
hourglass siun
jar, jug (big wide-mouthed bottle) nem
key (metal device for operating lock) rem
knife ngóng
knob ze
ladder
lamp ái
lens sàm
lever shuó
lock (device for securing doors) goum
machine (device with moving parts) choum
match (little fire-stick) king
microscope thòun
mirror hèm
motor, engine zéi
nail (pointy fastener) góu
needle tàn
net
oven riù
package, packet, parcel ngú
paddle, oar (stick with broad end) shou
pan (broad shallow cooking dish) shia
patch (a piece used to cover/repair a flaw) nuàng
pedal ngóun
pen (writing tool that uses ink)
pencil, crayon (writing tool that uses semi-solid substance)
pillow, cushion guom
pipe (a hard tube for transporting liquid) thiúng
plate (shallow dish, usually round) póu
plow (plough) ché
pocket vén
pole, stick (long bar) vín
post (vertical pole anchored in ground) zón
pot (deep round vessel) naum
pulley
pump sha
rack (framework of bars for storage) jéi
radio apparatus, wireless set shì
rail (usually horizontal bar for restraining/supporting things) háu
rake ài
razor tiú
rope vàu
rug, mat pueng
sack, bag
sail ngoum
saw (tool) tho
scale (device to measure weight) bie
scissors fe
screen, mesh vìng
screw (threaded fastener) nèin
sign (board with public notice written on it) gén
shelf shaum
shield (a protective implement) jìng
shovel hém
spear, lance huì
sponge (real/synthetic corpse of animal of phylum Porifera) puà
spool, reel (cylinder onto which something is wound) thám
spoon guò
spring (metal helix) luón
staple (fastener) viém
strap shuà
string (thicker than thread and thinner than rope) nia
stylus nging
sword sué
syringe rein
table (piece of furniture with flat top) duóm
telephone lio
telescope reng
television set kuèng
toilet, water closet vuom
tool, utensil, implement buòn
tongs nèng
towel váung
toy, plaything mu
trap veim
tray (shallow rectangular dish) chàun
umbrella hén
valve (flow-controller) baung
weapon dio
wheel rien
wire (long thread-like piece of metal) ngon
wrench {British: spanner} gan
apron sáun
belt piú
coat (heavy outer garment with sleeves) hàng
collar chú
eyeglasses mén
garment (item of clothing) káu
glove vuàn
harness gún
hat, cap kèi
helmet pué
jacket (a short and/or lightweight coat) dió
necktie biom
pants, trousers shèm
shirt ki
shorts, trunks (trousers extending no lower than knees) fóin
shoe duí
skirt, kilt, dress (any torso-garment open at the bottom)
sock, hose, stocking zuá
uniform (special garments worn by members of a group)
veil
building, edifice (structure with walls and roof) buè
attic, garret
ceiling fáu
cellar, basement chan
chimney vèin
door
elevator {British: lift}
fireplace, hearth deim
floor (bottom of room) muà
roof sua
room, chamber fo
stair(s) puèm
wall
window hàn
church (building or institution of public worship) jion
factory chóm
hospital siém
hotel, inn ngiú
house (a free-standing man-made dwelling-building) jei
library pai
mill (place where raw materials are processed) fuè
prison, jail fiù
school chuam
store, shop, boutique hió
tavern, bar, pub shom
theater
university hìng
bridge don
farm tóin
park (public outdoor area) lói
market (place where goods are bought/sold/traded) rái
tower páim
agency, bureau tém
army sho
authority (the right/power to command) huón
campaign (for political office) chin
constitution (charter of an organization) diún
control píng
court (of law) chiò
crime pion
elect (select by voting) suòng
free (at liberty) pói
government zió
independent ban
international da
jury hi
law (a rule enforced by a government) zùm
military von
nation, state (political entity) puám
obey shóm
official (issued with authority) huóng
organize (bring X's together to perform a task) lin
parliament, congress (legislative body of elected officers) vuam
party (political), sect (religious)
permit, allow, let
police (organization to enforce laws) chuà
politics níng
prohibit, forbid, contra-permit zui
province (of Canada etc.), prefecture, state (of USA etc.) chueng
resign thi
rule, regulation pu
submission, surrender ràing
tax bià
trial (in court) chéi
unite ngóin
vote juèng
war kiom
accept (willingly receive)
account (record of money received/paid/owed) zóum
bank (monetary institution) thúm
bill, invoice (statement of money owed) gu
borrow tàung
business, commerce thù
buy, purchase thiá
cheap, inexpensive shim
check (written order directing a bank to pay from an account) shuèn
company (a business organization), firm ráu
contract (agreement-document) ge
credit (permission to borrow money)
debt, obligation to pay chùng
exchange, trade, swap hiú
expensive, costly ji
frugal, thrifty nguén
generous, charitable
get, acquire, gain, obtain bóng
give nuí
insurance (protective contractual arrangement) roim
invest fiò
job, employment sóm
keep, retain, go on having (e.g. "you should keep this book") chù
lack (be without) tàing
lend niúng
lose (cease having; contra-acquire) vam
merchandise, goods, wares chim
money
offer (present for acceptance or rejection) chèng
own (possess according to law or custom)
pay
poor, impoverished thò
price, cost kià
private (contra-public) che
prize, award báu
profit, gain
provide, supply, furnish sai
public (available to most or all persons) teng
punish chài
receive niong
reject, refuse (contra-accept) luem
responsibility, liability, accountability ging
reward giò
rich, wealthy dém
sell seim
steal (take in a criminal way) bém
store, cache, reserve, reservoir pou
take (in the sense of E-o "preni", G "nehmen", Sp "tomar")
ticket, coupon zong
value (the quality of being useful and/or desirable), worth fuéng
angel, fairy (supernatural flying humanoid) hàing
bless (wish good upon) ni
curse, damn (wish evil upon) làung
ghost (manifestation of dead person's soul) mèm
god, diety gòi
heaven, celestial realm, Valhala etc. féi
hell, Hades ngiòn
holy, sacred shòu
magic, sorcery vang
pray (communicate with god(s)) lien
priest, clergyman máin
religion be
revelation, mystical vision thiòn
ritual, rite, ceremony theng
soul, spirit (believed to outlive the body) shuì
admire
alert sòn
angry zàn
approve (of) zìn
art (creative craft; productive use of talent)
attention (active perception) ziung
behavior, conduct liún
believe (accept as true) bong
blame shuin
boring, tedious ngùm
calculate, reckon
care, concern (about someone / something) báing
caution, prudence, carefulness luòn
celebrate, rejoice thó
choose, pick (out), select one of many possibilities lium
comfort (freedom from pain and/or worry) gém
compare hón
conscious, aware chuòn
courage, bravery gom
dear, precious, cherished lìn
decide ziéng
disappointment fuím
distinguish, differentiate, tell one from another nuóm
doubt chià
dream tìm
embarrassment kiáng
enthusiasm, zeal gèm
expect, anticipate (believe that X will come/happen) thín
experience (consciously live through an event)
favor, prefer
fear (be afraid of) hia
feel (experience an emotion/sentiment) dán
foolish lín
forget (contra-remember) gi
forgive, pardon dum
funny, comical nie
grateful, thankful pió
greedy thóing
guard, monitor, watch over
guess, conjecture lèm
guide, lead chìm
guilty, blame-worthy ngón
habit, custom, routine practice móu
happy lei
hate shèi
hope niùm
humble, modest kuém
idea, concept (thought-bundle) zei
imagine bóim
important sún
innocent, contra-guilty ba
insane, crazy, mad
intelligent zùn
intend, mean to, do deliberately, have as a purpose lám
interest (desire to pay attention to something), fascination bàin
invent (plan something which has never been made before)
jealousy, envy lán
judge (compare something to criteria), form an opinion about kui
know te
knowledge ko
learn lèn
like, enjoy (derive pleasure from) kio
logic (formalized process of reasoning) róm
lonely (feeling undesirable solitude) kión
love
loyal pòm
mercy heim
mind róu
mystery vòm
neglect, negligence, apathy
nice, kind, affable nian
notice, observe ruò
opinion féng
patience ngé
peace (freedom from fighting or turmoil) leing
perceive, detect ziúm
pity, feel compassion toward, feel sorry for luó
plan, design foin
play (performed by actors on stage), drama lan
pretend, act, feign
pride (proudness; self-respect) muìng
reason, explanation, justification, rationale
reasoning, rational thought pen
recognize nga
regret
remember hum
respect, venerate, esteem juò
revenge, vengeance, retribution, getting even shuè
sad, unhappy, melancholy zoung
satisfaction va
seek, search (for), look for shiong
seem, appear to be, give the impression of ngaung
serious, earnest, grave chuèng
shame kuòm
study pe
stupid nàu
subject, topic of discussion shiùm
suppose, presume
surprise, startle tham
talent, skill, knack
teach chéng
tempt ráng
theory shuèm
think siù
trust bán
understand, comprehend róin
want, wish, desire shau
whim, caprice zu
wise péim
worry, anxiety shong
address (postal co-ordinates) thiú
admit, confess juó
advertisement ri
advice chóum
alphabet pàung
announce, proclaim mung
answer, reply to a question or argument tiam
article, essay (piece of text about one topic) ján
ask, inquire móung
book jung
call, summon hám
chapter (main division of book) she
chart, diagram ráum
claim, assertion (statement of unknown accuracy) kài
code (cryptographic system) nìng
command, order, directive shím
communication (exchange of information) tiò
consonant (non-vowel) shá
criticize luìng
deny (say that X is not true) jíng
describe pàu
dictionary sum
discuss, talk about luí
document chà
emphasize, accentuate, stress gòng
fact (undisputed datum)
fiction kuo
file (dossier; loose bundle of data) mua
grammar (rules and structure of a language)
history (organized account of past events), chronicle tium
indicate huéng
information bai
insult liá
invite ke
issue, edition (of periodical etc.) péng
label niàng
language (the verbal communication technique of a people) tau
letter (a message written and mailed) vièn
lie (utter a known falsehood) mai
list ráim
magazine (periodical publication) biòm
mail (transmit postally)
map (drawing of planet's surface) pem
meaning (semantic content of a word) zéng
message (batch of transmitted information) fun
movie, motion picture buìng
name ngóu
news, tidings bòm
newspaper kau
noise (confused/randomized sound/stimuli) nguen
note, annotation thom
page (one side of a sheet of paper in a book)
photograph liòng
poem hué
praise, compliment, laud re
print (to copy marks by pressing inked objects on paper) maim
promise (a claim about one's future actions), pledge fuo
protest, objection kèng
question, query hoim
quote, cite vuè
read
record (a cache of information) niu
request, ask for
say, tell, express in words chòm
secret thìn
sentence (of words) huá
sing àu
speak, talk cháung
story, report li
suggest, propose (offer an idea) siùng
syllable
symbol, sign, token pàng
thank (express gratitude toward) vai
vocabulary (sum of words available to a person/people) thàin
voice guén
vowel chá
warn joi
word ruáng
write jiàn
game (a rule-governed system of competitive amusement) thió
game, match (one particular encounter between competitors) dóin
athletics (games involving physical skill), sports
score (the tally of points in a competition) puó
umpire, referee, official tháim
ball (spheroidal plaything) tùn
bat, stick, racket/racquet (any ball-hitting tool) sáng
ski hím
baseball vaim
basketball tháng
football (association f~), soccer vún
football (American/tackle f~) lun
gymnastics
hockey bím
pool, billiards dóim
tennis pùm
chess song
play, recreate, frolic dòm
same, identical góum
similar sín
different miùm
other, another shó
change (become/make different), vary kúng
imitate, mimic zuong
original, non-imitative
prototype, exemplar, archetype, model (for all Xs) nòun
copy (a duplicate) sie
zero thòi
one rum
two ngáin
three
four sue
five
six dièng
seven biá
eight daun
nine ngàm
ten jui
hundred cheing
thousand juíng
million go
half (1/2) ruàng
quantity (amount / number / magnitude) puìng
number, numeral (a word or symbol indicating quantity)
count, enumerate siò
measure nueng
ratio, rate, proportion kòung
add, append, join so as to cause an increase thì
remove, subtract, take away, delete luì
increase (become or make greater in quantity) shuòng
decrease (become or make lesser in quantity) kíng
multiply juóm
divide púng
total, sum, aggregate ngù
rest (of ...), remainder, leftovers, remnant mòim
whole, entire, complete thuá
all (the whole number or entire sum of)
many (a large number of) tín
few (a small number of) ting
much (a large quantity of) tèi
more (a larger quantity of) thang
most (the largest quantity of) thuán
little (a small quantity of) fem
less (a smaller quantity of) dué
least (the smallest quantity of) jué
part kie
piece (a part broken/cut/separated from something larger) shiún
section, segment (a part somehow different/separated from others) shuèng
allocation, allotment, portion (someone's share of X) shoi
group ju
batch (quantity of things done/produced at one time) tièm
bundle, bunch (group of things tied or grouped together) móm
majority jiúng
minority zèim
density shuòm
dense (of much density), concentrated, thick, intense ruòn
rarefied, tenuous, diffuse, dilute, sparse, wispy gie
full, filled dúng
empty tóm
degree (the extent/intensity/scope of an action/condition/relation) kún
at least, not less than (>=) cho
at most, only, just, merely, not more than (<=) sáu
much, very (to a large degree; with great intensity) zàun
more (to a larger degree) ním
most (to the largest degree) chiu
little (to a small degree; with almost no intensity) shìng
less (to a smaller degree) fón
least (to the smallest degree) zòi
enough, sufficiently nóu
almost, nearly thio
too much, excessively fóung
too little, insufficiently rím
size (degree of largeness or smallness) juang
huge, enormous, gigantic shen
big, large (of much size) vong
small (of little size) zìng
tiny, minuscule
expand, grow chún
shrink, contract zaung
distance (amount of space from X to Y) shóng
far (at / to a great distance) póun
near (at / to a little distance) vuím
present (existing in the indicated place; contra-absent) rúm
absent jou
place, location shiu
length (distance from one end to the other) juim
long (of much length) lóin
short (of little length) shiúm
width (degree of wideness or narrowness)
wide, broad (of space between objects) ping
narrow, of little width (of space between objects) jùn
thickness (of a solid object, etc.) dòum
thick, fat (large from one surface to the opposite surface) hom
thin, slender (small from one surface to the opposite surface) fuìng
height (distance from ground / baseline to top) toing
high, tall (of much height)
low, short (not tall; of little height) lím
depth (distance from ground / baseline down to bottom) nòu
deep, profound (of much depth) rúng
shallow (of little depth)
horizontal juá
vertical thu
diagonal, slanted ngia
sloped, inclined/declined (not horizontal) diàng
angle (the relation of two lines radiating from a point) tie
position (location relative to others) sòm
region, area (a quantity of space within boundaries) véng
space, room, void zun
connection, joint, junction mán
environment, surroundings, context mio
front jió
rear, back part of thia
side, flank, lateral area
middle, center móim
top, peak, summit giùng
bottom puang
edge ve
inner, internal, interior zaing
outer, exterior, external tièng
limit, boundary jeng
find (discover the location of) jài
misplace (lose; become unable to find) gia
direction (orientation of motion) giàn
up dáum
down mió
north ne
south hùn
east rau
west tiù
right(-hand)
left(-hand) chaung
away (from this or that place) duom
back (to previous place / condition) zue
inverted, upside-down thin
backward (in reverse order) moing
direct, immediate (with no intermediaries or obstacles) hiu
serpentine, meandering, convoluted muí
city rong
land, country, territory oim
village zuòng
rural area, countryside sim
source, origin ram
route, path, course liòn
destination gáing
aim (to point/direct X toward Y) múm
attract
avoid, evade, keep away from gau
barrier, obstacle kue
base, node, station (point from which things go or are done) séim
bring (cause something to come along with one toward a place) tóing
capture, seize sang
carry (move while supporting) lui
come, arrive (at indicated place)
drift, wander chón
drive, impel, propel zuám
emit (to send out any form of matter/energy in any manner) shàm
enter, go into fuò
escape, flee from tím
fly (move through the air) fién
forward, ahead nuà
gather, collect (bring or come together) lòm
go (move from starting point to elsewhere)
journey, trip, voyage thióm
leave, depart, go away from
load, burden diem
meet, encounter, come across lóim
miss, fail to hit/reach/see etc. thei
move (engage in motion / cause to engage in motion) liam
put, place, translocate
reach, extend as far as hin
release (quit keeping/restraining) fóing
remain, stay nguím
repel shièm
restrain, inhibit, hold back guó
retrieve, fetch (go to X and bring it back) zòm
return (go or send back to previous place/condition) ngém
ride (sit/perch in/on a vehicle/horse/etc. and travel)
roll (move like a ball/cylinder by turning over and over) tiè
send, dispatch, transmit chuìng
slide, slip, glide gué
stretch, extend
turn, divert (send in a different direction) vuì
turn, rotate, revolve déng
visit piúm
airplane, aircraft kòu
bicycle fai
boat kuen
bus vèing
canal, channel, ditch jàun
car, automobile (wheeled motor vehicle) se
cart, carriage, wagon (wheeled vehicle; not self-propelled) jua
motorcycle
port giè
railroad zing
road nuo
rocket ngói
ship buà
street thìng
train (of railroad) to
truck {British: lorry} (motor vehicle for cargo-carrying) shuìn
vehicle gàu
age (degree of oldness / youngness) zíng
young (of little age; having existed/lived for a brief time) pieng
old (of much age; having existed/lived for a long time) théi
new, novel, recent (having been known for a brief time) hong
old (of long standing; having been known for a long time) gian
permanent, perpetual lái
constant, invariant, stable sio
temporary, transient jiang
interval (quantity of time between events X and Y) ngòm
irregular, sporadic, intermittent puo
regular, periodic (at uniform intervals) gai
rhythm
time (e.g. "do it 3 times"), occasion, instance, iteration ngou
again, once more, re- giú
alternate, take turns (do X then Y then X then Y) roi
cycle (one complete performance of a periodic process) kèin
frequency (degree of oftenness or seldomness) mòn
frequently, often pau
seldom, rarely puè
duration (amount of time consumed)
long (of much duration) húm
short, brief (of little duration) ren
gradual léin
sudden, abrupt zain
begin, commence, start tói
continue, keep on doing/being chàu
pause, hesitate, suspend action temporarily
end, conclude, finish tài
cease, stop doing, quit ming
delay, retard, tarry, postpone nàin
rush, hurry, hasten chei
period, era, epoch thui
moment, an instant
always (at all times) vòn
ever (at any time) ngum
never ngìng
time (the dimension/continuum of past-present-future) bum
past (the p~), earlier time shòum
present (the present time; the now) véi
future (the f~) cháim
already (prior to the time mentioned) béi
still, yet (even until the time mentioned) dóng
yesterday mái
today zai
tomorrow vèim
long ago (in the far past) guam
recently (in the near past) kiò
now (at this time) vuing
soon (in the near future) liàm
eventually (in the far future) niò
early, premature thuo
timely, prompt, on time miàn
late, tardy shuí
speed, velocity (degree of fastness or slowness) kòn
quickly, rapidly, swiftly (with much speed) fòm
slowly (with little speed) za
series (a number of similar things following one another)
sequence, order (temporal arrangement of events in a series) dun
last, final (after all others) ron
prior, preceding, previous, contra-next zòn
next (coming immediately after; "tomorrow" = the next day) hàum
season shòin
spring (the season) zi
summer puòng
autumn, fall bing
winter
century thaim
year ruim
month
week pái
day (24-hour period) gèim
date (coordinates of a day given in some timekeeping system) ngoi
day (daytime -- as opposed to night), diurnal period liang
night veng
morning (dawn to noon) gaum
noon chiùn
afternoon (noon to dusk) nguàn
evening (dusk to midnight) kuò
midnight ziu
graveyard shift, middle of the night (midnight to dawn) ríng
hour (60 minutes) siàm
minute (60 seconds) guòng
second (1/60th of a minute) nen
holiday dan
sabbath (day of week with religious significance) réi
wait (for), await dìng
air dàng
alcohol róum
ash fuón
brass (copper-zinc alloy)
carbon puín
chalk gáu
chemical (substance made by or used in chemistry) fiun
clay ngiùm
cloth, fabric (material made of threads)
coal ngó
copper pàn
dirt, earth (tangible), soil miá
dust táng
element (substance of irreducible simplicity) bung
fat (oily/greasy material from animal adipose tissue or plant seeds) jéin
fuel pín
glass zo
gold (the precious metal)
ice diom
ink thài
iron mié
jade (the tough green gemstone) bén
jewel, gem siú
lead (the metal) jiám
leather (prepared hide) muen
medicine (substance that makes one healthy) zuén
metal ngá
mineral, ore gum
mud bim
neon daung
nitrogen ga
oil (a combustible fatty liquid that will not mix with water) vu
oil (crude oil), petroleum duán
oxygen gin
paint puì
paper sàing
plastic (synthetic/processed moldable material) guá
poison, toxin lian
potassium ràun
quartz vóng
rock, stone zen
rubber huám
salt tong
sand jiú
silk néi
silver (the metal) zín
soap viò
sodium guàm
steam nun
steel ngun
sulfur fòng
tar (dark viscous liquid obtained by destructive distillation)
tin (the metal) ngì
water voi
wax ngo
wood (the substance) jáu
wool thim
beer dom
bitter lai
bread bòn
butter chúng
cheese chùn
chocolate nàn
flavor, taste ngáng
flour (grain-powder) zèn
food huím
honey hiè
milk jiù
pasta, noodles luáng
pizza giàm
salad tén
sandwich chìn
sausage viám
soup jin
sour pei
spice, seasoning shein
sugar gòin
sweet fuìm
vinegar lúng
wine vùng
arch puén
band, tape, flat strip kam
block (solid flat-surfaced mass of material) mùn
branch (small part going out from main part) fuòm
bump, protrusion dèing
card (stiff rectangle of material) fóu
circle piùng
coil dàin
cone jueng
crack, fissure chòi
cross (perpendicular intersection of linear items) foi
crystal kuam
cube dang
curve
cylinder lùng
dent, nick, indentation ngiong
disk, disc déing
drop (of liquid) pang
film (very thin layer) vuon
flared (opening up or spreading out from axis) shè
foam, froth fiàn
form, shape sau
furrow, rut, groove ngai
garbage, trash, rubbish ruèng
gas chió
helix (any corkscrew-shaped object) sià
hole thóu
jelly (gelatinous semi-solid material), gel thóum
juice (fluid extracted from something) jùng
layer ruè
line (series of contiguous points) houn
liquid ruem
loop, circuit, closed curve thòm
lump, clod, blob, piece of no particular shape luo
mark (visible traces left behind) chàim
matter, material, substance hòn
object (concrete tangible thing) zuìm
opening, orifice duó
oval, ellipse riùn
parallel chiàng
paste (any thick soft dough-like material) lieng
pattern (apparent systematic interrelationship) duim
pile, heap, stack of things or of a substance shiám
plane (flat surface) jan
plug, seal, stopper fum
powder tuéng
pyramid tua
ray
rectangle zuìn
ring, torus jóu
rust, corrosion lon
scratch sin
sheath chong
sheet (thin rectangle of paper/cloth/etc.) kuàn
shower, sprinkle dèn
smoke thèm
solid (not a gas or liquid) tuì
sphere rún
spike, barb, cleat, thorn vi
spiral, whorl máng
square dói
stripe chio
surface suó
swelling, inflation mòi
tapered (becoming narrower toward an end) muìn
thread, filament niè
triangle chém
wave jièm
wedge gíng
wrinkle, crease sùm
flat, planar zoim
level, even (on the same level) séin
smooth chiem
rough, coarse, contra-smooth lum
straight (not bent) gài
bent ngau
pure, unadulterated, uncontaminated màu
clean
dirty, contra-clean ruíng
open (not shut) ran
closed, shut guo
wet sám
dry chuém
sharp, keen, pointy, acute gón
dull, blunt (of little sharpness) chuè
soft, malleable, yielding to pressure chióng
hard, firm, resistant to pressure ròing
flexible (easily able to bend) sòi
stiff, rigid sháum
elastic (able to regain shape/size after deformation) hùng
durable, resilient, robust, strong (in this sense)
fragile, delicate feim
weight (degree of heaviness or lightness)
heavy (of much weight) kìn
light (of little weight) fuong
solid (contra-hollow) tuin
hollow paing
snug (just large enough to contain X), tight (in this sense) shòi
loose (contra-snug), baggy béing
taut, tight, tense, strained zié
loose (contra-taut), slack diáng
viscous, thick (of high viscosity) cham
runny, thin (of little viscosity) piò
absorb men
adhere (hold tightly to / stick to something) long
beat (repeatedly hit), batter pèn
blow (move/cause to move as a current of gas) min
boil rèing
bounce, rebound zuém
break (into pieces) mui
build (join materials to create), construct sei
burn gèn
burst kòi
consume, deplete, expend, exhaust, use up jàin
contain zùng
crush (press on so as to break or re-shape)
cut shúng
dig suang
dissolve réng
evaporate ngèn
explode ngung
float fán
flow (travel in a current)
fold lóum
freeze jie
grind shié
hang, suspend, dangle jòi
hit, strike fàin
melt thou
mix, blend nguò
pollute, contaminate ziong
pour (cause to flow) jòng
preserve, maintain (keep X in good condition) búm
press (do pressure to; push upon with weight or force) juín
pry {British: prize} (raise/open/move with a lever) púm
pull (draw something toward oneself) fiám
push (press on something in order to move it) tuèm
rot, decay fia
rub, abrade ho
sew hùm
shake
shoot (cause to rapidly go forth) miòn
sink suì
spill (accidentally emit liquid) puèn
spread (begin to cover or cause X to cover more area) kiám
stab, jab lie
stir, agitate koim
suck thàng
sweep chéing
tear, rip rán
tie, bind màn
trim, prune (cut off ragged edges) hài
wash thòn
weave
wrap sham
acid(ic) záu
alkaline riu
atom
balance, equilibrium duáng
basis, foundation (part which supports the rest) ti
electricity tòu
energy bòun
fire báun
force kueng
gravity ròm
magnet zuo
molecule leng
power fèim
smell, odor, aroma ruéng
strength (ability to exert physical power) kien
stroke, jolt, blow of force hen
vacuum hiám
vapor, mist béng
polarity (electric, magnetic, etc.) shèin
positive sion
negative zia
gentle, mild jue
violent, harsh goi
see tiòm
light (visible electro-magnetic radiation) thàim
color fan
shadow, shade làun
shine (radiate light) shiò
picture, image
bright (with much light present) suà
dark, dim (with little light present) bié
black jián
gray {British: grey} kiú
white ngium
red puí
orange (having a hue between red and yellow) lòn
yellow dèm
green zàin
blue thue
purple liù
brown jàng
beautiful shuim
ugly duòn
ornament, decoration shun
blemish, blot dià
hide, conceal zan
reveal, disclose faim
examine, inspect guà
show, exhibit, display chian
sound (audible waves in the air)
silent vùn
quiet, soft, faint (of little sonic intensity) ka
loud (of much sonic intensity) shéing
hear hing
music chem
tone, pitch (frequency of sound waves) ngión
whistle liun
temperature (relative amount of heat present) chuáng
heat, warmth chè
cold, chilly, frigid sui
cool hie
warm luá
hot shúm
bake (cook or harden by means of dry heat) duong
cook (prepare by applying heat) choim
happen, occur hàun
accident (unintentional and unexpected event) ruá
miracle thiom
disaster, catastrophe chiùng
act, deed chói
activity, bustle, ado máu
result, consequence ngám
agree buám
fight, combat bìng
protect, defend rín
attack chùm
good kum
bad núng
category, classification pióng
kind, sort, type, variety (of...) huang
certain, sure màim
probable (likely to happen/be) rià
cooperate, collaborate kùng
compete, strive, vie rióng
help, assist, aid shum
interfere, hinder ziàng
succeed zóm
fail jàn
simple fuóng
complex shiàm
condition, state, status nián
create, make (bring into existence) ngàun
destroy (contra-create; cause to cease existing) shiè
safety, security ngià
danger (situation in which harm is probable) diù
easy pén
difficult, hard mión
true
false, untrue mom
famous riú
obscure, unheard of diú
injure, damage, harm kém
repair, fix shòng
flaw, defect, imperfection dóu
native (naturally belonging to a given realm) chon
chief, main, primary, principal ngén
auxiliary roung
normal, ordinary, usual vàm
strange, weird, unusual, peculiar shán
trouble, difficulty kei
real, actual kuí
trick, chicanery nom
right, correct shù
wrong, incorrect sien
reside, dwell, live fien
camp, bivouac, temporary shelter nu
nest, den, lair (an animal's self-made house) mòin
represent (act as a substitute for) biòn
substitute, surrogate (temporary replacement) shòm
replacement (permanent substitute/substitution) neng
common, general (shared by all members of a group) kuáng
specific, special, particular mum
ability, capacity (to do something) guém
artificial (deliberately made by humans) gín
automatic chái
chance, randomicity, luck
civilization chiam
clear, plain (easy to see/understand) ngòng
compromise feing
consist of, be composed of kuan
depend on, rely on nuim
deserve, merit, be worthy of váum
detail chua
entitle uing
equal méin
evil zàim
exact, precise fóng
example, sample kuén
exercise, practice (effort made to improve skills/health) zìm
experiment puón
fertile ròu
harmony (pleasing combination of stimuli) siùn
just, fair, equitable táu
match (a thing suitably associated with another) kong
method, manner, way (of doing), technique thaung
mutual, reciprocal thua
naked, nude, exposed (without the usual cover) boim
necessary, needed, required póm
need, require ngòing
possible (able to happen or be done) tuam
prevent (keep from happening) thàu
process, procedure huìn
program rióm
progress, advancement vuóm
project, undertaking, venture thuáng
proof, evidence
quality, trait, attribute, characteristic fèi
ready, prepared for a task / event mieng
relationship, association bei
right (a right to do/be ...) hua
role (an individual's function) théng
save, rescue jàm
species chui
suitable, proper, fit(ting), appropriate chun
system tàm
task, chore, job, assignment fuíng
technology múng
tendency, propensity, inclination fuòng
try, attempt, endeavor vom
use, utilize keim
vogue, trend, fad, fashion chòng
waste, misuse fung
wild, feral, untamed hiùng
work, effort, labor, toil sìm
riot sèng
science kóin
serve (provide service to) toi
set (complete group of similar items) gáung
strike (work stoppage as protest) tiùm
support
test, check ja
torture, torment